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人事部長に必要な資質とは?社内の役割と仕事内容もチェック | HRドクター | 株式会社ジェイック 人事部長に必要な資質とは?社内の役割と仕事内容もチェック
人事部長は多くの場合、組織における人事機能の責任者です。人事部長への就任が決まったら、社内での役割や求められる資質をきちんと確認しておきましょう。事前にさまざまな知識を得ておくことは、スムーズに人事部長としての業務に入っていけるでしょう。
記事では人事部長の役割と求められるスキル、主な仕事内容を紹介します。
<目次>
人事部長とは?
人事部長とはどのようなポジションを意味するでしょうか。人事部長の概要やCHROとの違いを解説します。
人事の責任者
人事部長は、一般的に人事部門の“責任者”となるポジションです。採用、配置、評価、育成、労務など、自社の人事業務全般に責任を負っています。
なお、最近では、人事分野ではCHROという概念も注目されています。CHROは、Chief Human Resource Officerの略で、日本語で“最高人事責任者”と訳されます。Rを抜いて、CHO (Chief Human Capital Officer)という場合もあるでしょう。
CHOやCHROが設置される場合、人事部長が実務レベルの責任者であるのに対して、CHROは経営陣、ボードメンバーの一員として経営に関わりながら人事業務を統括するポジションです。一般的には取締役や執行役員クラスの肩書きを持ち、人事戦略の立案・実行を行なうことが多いでしょう。
ただし、CHROやCHOが設置されておらず、人事部長が人事方針や人事戦略などの責任者も兼務している場合も多いでしょう。記事でも人事部長が人事機能の責任者である場合を想定して解説していきます。
人事の役割と主な仕事内容
人事部長は、企業の人事全般に関する責任者です。本章では、人事部長の責任分野となる人事の主な業務内容をおさらいしておきます。
人事の役割
企業の経営資源は“ヒト”“モノ”“カネ”“情報”の四つに分けられます。そのなかの“ヒト”という資源を管理・活用するのが人事の役割です。
他の経営資源を動かして企業の活動を支える“ヒト”は、企業にとって特に重要な経営資源です。4つの資源の中で、“ヒト”は唯一成長する資源であり、“モノ”“カネ”“情報”を使うのも“ヒト”となります。
組織をいかに設計して、 “ヒト”を採用して育て、企業活動に対して最大の貢献が出来るようにすることが、人事に求められる最大のミッションです。
なお、人事とひとくくりにされやすい部署としては、労務があります。人事と労務は仕事内容としては明確に異なりますが、人事と労務がひとつの部門として統合されている企業も多いでしょう。
労務とは企業全般の労働関連業務を担い、給与計算・勤怠管理・保険手続きなどを行ないます。人事と同様に社員を対象とした業務を担っていますが、事務処理や管理業務が主な仕事となり、社員をサポートする意味合いがより強い業務といます。
主な仕事内容
人事の仕事は、大きく“採用”“育成”“配置”“評価”という4つに分類されます。
人事の仕事として最もイメージしやすいのが“採用”です。企業の経営戦略を実現するために採用計画を立て、さまざまな方法によって必要な人材を確保します。
採用した人材を活躍できるまでに育てていく“育成”も、人事にとって重要な仕事の一つです。各種研修を実施したりメンター制度を導入したりして、社員のスキルアップを図ります。組織開発や社風の改善といったテーマも広義には“育成”の中に含まれます。
また、“配置”も、企業を効率的に維持・発展させるための重要な業務です。人材を適切な部署に配置することで、発揮できる能力の最大化や社員の意欲向上を期待できます。さらに“配置”自体が“育成”の一環になり得ます。
そして、最後に“評価”です。社員にとっては、自分の待遇やキャリアに直結する部分ですので、最も関心が高い部分です。社員を適正に評価できるルールを策定することで、社員のモチベーションが高まり、企業の業績アップにもつながるでしょう。
“評価”は“採用”や“育成”、“配置”としっかり連携している必要もあります。たとえ優秀な人材を採用したり、育成することができたりしても、適切な“評価”が実施されなければ、人材は定着せずに離脱してしまいます。
4つの仕事をしっかりと連携させて、経営戦略や事業計画をしっかりと実現していけるようにする必要があります。
人事部長の役割
本章では人事の業務範囲も踏まえて、人事部長が担う役割を紹介します。人事部長は、人事業務を統括するだけでなく、経営陣と関わって重要な役目を果たすことを確認しましょう。
経営陣と社員の橋渡し役
人事部門の最高責任者である人事部長は、社内の立ち位置として経営層と非常に近い、場合によっては経営陣の一員となる役職です。企業の根幹となる“ヒト”の側面において、経営陣と社員との間で橋渡し的な存在として立ち振る舞う役割を担っています。
まず企業の経営戦略を深く理解したうえで、人事戦略や組織開発に落とし込まなければなりません。事業計画を実現するための採用戦略や人材育成方針を決定するのも、人事部長の重要な役割です。
このように経営陣の意思や方針を、人事の実務へと落とし込んでいく役割を担い、また、人事戦略や方針を社員に伝えていく役割でもあります。
同時に、組織の現場や実情をしっかりと把握し、経営陣へ伝えることも大切です。現場の検討課題を的確に把握するためには、人事の現場に顔を出して社員の声を聞く必要があります。
人事面から経営戦略を支える
企業の経営戦略を人事面からサポートすることも、人事部長の重要な役割の一つです。前述した「実行」という側面もありますし、最近では「戦略人事」等のキーワードが注目されているように、経営戦略の立案自体に携わることも求められています。
例えば、企業が新しい事業を立ち上げたいと考えているケースでは、「どのような人材が必要なのか」「これまでに求められてきた人材特性と異なる点は何なのか」といったことを投げかける役割が求められるでしょう。
人事、人的資本の側面から経営戦略に携わっていくためには、人事部長には人事の専門家としての知識と同時に、経営者としての目線や知識も持っていなければなりません。
採用や研修内容を決定する
人事部長は人事部の責任者として、採用活動や研修内容に関する最終的な意思決定を行なう役割です。課長以下の役職と緊密に連携を図りながら、人事業務の仕組み作りや実行を担います。
採用や研修の内容を決定する際には、場当たり的な意思決定にならないように、経営戦略や事業方針からの落とし込みが必要です。人事部長が経営戦略や事業方針をしっかりと理解し、戦略や方針に沿った計画となるようにする必要があります。
現場・管理職のマネジメントや社員のキャリアアップを支える制度設計も人事部長に求められる仕事の一つです。組織を成功に導くために、前述した“採用”“育成”“配置”“評価”という人事の仕事を立案・実行する役割があります。
人事部長に求められる資質
人事部長の役割を担うためには、どのような資質が必要でしょうか。人事部長に求められる主な資質を紹介します。
人事業務に関する専門性
人事部長に求められる資質として、まず人事業務に関する専門的な知識や経験が挙げられます。人事機能を統括する立場として、人事のプロフェッショナルであることは必須条件といえるでしょう。
すべての業務に関する専門家である必要ありませんが、採用・育成・配置・評価、また、労務等に関する理解や大局観は人事部長に欠かせないものです。
また、労働関連の法令に関しても、常に最新の情報が頭に入っていなければなりません。国が新たな方針を打ち出せば、内容をきちんと理解して自社の施策に反映する必要があります。
労基法、ハラスメント、コンプライアンス等におけるトラブルは、会社のブランドを大きく棄損する危険性もありますし、対応にも大きな労力が必要とされます。トラブルが起きないようにきちんと情報を把握して未然に対応する必要があります。
また、人事管理に関する手法・ツールの最新情報をキャッチアップすることも求められています。HR-techやピープルアナリティクスなど、近年注目を集めている人事関連の手法には、常に関心を持っておく必要があるでしょう。
コミュニケーション能力
人事部長にはコミュニケーション能力も求められます。社員の率直な意見を引き出すためにも、現場の状況を的確にヒアリングできるスキルが必須です。
高いコミュニケーション能力を持つ人事部長が社員と面談を行なえば、現場の不満や課題を上手に引き出し、組織や部署の最適化を図りやすくなります。相談役として機能して、社員のモチベーションを高めることも出来るでしょう。
現場の声を経営陣に伝える際も、コミュニケーション能力が役立ちます。企業と社員との間で“橋渡し役”として動く人事部長は、現場の不満や課題を正しく解釈し、経営陣が理解しやすい形で届けることが求められます。
また、人事に関する制度や方針は、社員にとって自分の待遇や働き方、キャリアに関わりますので、非常に大きな関心事です。それらの方針を誤解なく、経営としてのメッセージと共に、社員が受け入れやすい形で伝えるためにも高いコミュニケーション能力やプレゼンテーション能力が求められます。
物事を俯瞰する能力
人事の仕事は“ヒト”の管理であり、メンバーの生活や人生に大きな影響を与えます。人事部長として働いていると、メンバー個人の事情や感情面に触れることも多いでしょう。
人事部長はそうした個々のケースや感情に寄り添うことも大事である一方、感情的になり過ぎないように意識しなければなりません。個別の問題を重視し過ぎると、判断を誤りかねません。
人事部長は、公正かつ組織の将来を考えた決断を行なうために、物事を俯瞰する能力が求められます。組織としての視点を持って、個々の事情や感情に捉われずに、メンバーを平等・公平に扱う、また、今だけでなく未来のことまで考えて意思決定する必要があります。
問題解決能力
組織の規模が大きくなれば、常にどこかで“ヒト”に関する問題が発生するでしょう。また、企業のステージが変わっていくなかで、求められる人材や組織構成、風土が変わっていく部分もあります。
人事部長は、現場で解決できないトラブル解決を担いながら、同時に、現場ではとらえきれない大きな課題解決に取り組んでいく必要があります。深刻なトラブルへの対応能力、そして、制度や仕組み・文化等の大きなテーマへの取り組み能力と、人事部長には高い問題解決能力が求められることになります。
人事部長に研修は必要?
人事部長としてのキャリアをスムーズに開始したいなら、適切な研修を受けるのもおすすめです。人事部長におすすめできる研修の種類を紹介します。
上級管理職向けのスキル研修
まず当然ですが、人事部長は上級管理職の一員であり、会社によっては経営陣や幹部、また幹部候補となるポジションです。
従って、上級管理職向けのマネジメント研修、また、経営陣の一端を担うに必要な事業戦略、マーケティング、アカウンティング等の研修、さらにプレゼンテーションやファシリテーション等のスキル研修などから、必要なものを受講する必要があります。
人事向けの研修
前述の通り、人事部長には人事のプロとしての見識が求められます。採用、育成、配置、評価といった各分野に関する基本知識と大局観は必須の知識です。また、労務、コンプライアンス、組織開発等に関する知識も必要です。
不足する分野の知識を研修等によってしっかりとインプットすると共に、ウェビナー等を使ってトレンド等も把握することが求められます。
ヒューマンスキル研修
人事は社員にとって非常に関心が高い分野であり、その責任者である人事部長は、社員や経営陣等から信頼されることが求められます。従って、それ以外のポジション以上に、自らの人格、信頼性を磨くことが求められます。
前述したファシリテーションやプレゼンテーションなどのスキルはもちろん必要なものですが、その根底となる信頼関係を築ける人格や精神性が大切<です。研修等を通じてフレームワークや思考を学び、日々の中で磨いていきましょう。
まとめ
人事部長は人事部の業務全般を統括する役職です。企業によっては、実務レベルの責任者であると同時に、役員として経営に携わるケースもあります。
人事部長の主な役割は、経営陣と社員の橋渡し的な存在になること、人事面から経営をサポートすることであり、採用・育成・配置・評価等の人事機能における最終決裁者でもあります。
人事部長には、人事業務に関する専門性やコミュニケーション能力、問題解決能力などの資質が求められます。新しい役職へのスムーズな転向を進めるために必要なスキルを研修等によって獲得していきましょう。
著者情報
株式会社ジェイック執行役員
古庄 拓
WEB業界・経営コンサルティング業界の採用支援からキャリアを開始。その後、マーケティング、自社採用、経営企画、社員研修の商品企画、採用後のオンボーディング支援、大学キャリアセンターとの連携、リーダー研修事業、新卒採用事業など、複数のサービスや事業の立上げを担当し、現在に至る。専門は新卒および中途採用、マーケティング、学習理論
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